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doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1667517 Received 16 July 2025 Accepted 29 August 2025 Published 10 September 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Karl Tsim, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China Reviewed by Anglina Kisku, Dehradun Institute of Technology University, India Rahul Pal, Chitkara University, India Natalia Menshutina, D

found that endothelial cell dysfunction, which is characterized by low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, greater reactive oxygen species production, the activation of abscission enzymes, and impaired extracellular lysosome-associated organelle function, triggers the degradation of the EG (57), leading to shear stress defects

TB-500 provides neuroprotection through anti-apoptotic effects via caspase-3 inhibition